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rustlings 🦀❤️ 
Greetings and welcome to rustlings. This project contains small exercises to get you used to reading and writing Rust code. This includes reading and responding to compiler messages!
...looking for the old, web-based version of Rustlings? Try here
Alternatively, for a first-time Rust learner, there are several other resources:
- The Book - The most comprehensive resource for learning Rust, but a bit theoretical sometimes. You will be using this along with Rustlings!
- Rust By Example - Learn Rust by solving little exercises! It's almost like
rustlings, but online
Getting Started
Note: If you're on MacOS, make sure you've installed Xcode and its developer tools by typing xcode-select --install.
You will need to have Rust installed. You can get it by visiting https://rustup.rs. This'll also install Cargo, Rust's package/project manager.
MacOS/Linux
Just run:
curl -L https://git.io/rustlings | bash
# Or if you want it to be installed to a different path:
curl -L https://git.io/rustlings | bash -s mypath/
This will install Rustlings and give you access to the rustlings command. Run it to get started!
Windows
In PowerShell, set ExecutionPolicy to RemoteSigned:
Set-ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned
Then, you can run:
Start-BitsTransfer -Source https://git.io/rustlings-win -Destination $env:TMP/install_rustlings.ps1; Unblock-File $env:TMP/install_rustlings.ps1; Invoke-Expression $env:TMP/install_rustlings.ps1
To install Rustlings. Same as on MacOS/Linux, you will have access to the rustlings command after it.
Browser:
Manually
Basically: Clone the repository, checkout to the latest tag, run cargo install.
git clone https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings
cd rustlings
git checkout tags/4.1.0 # or whatever the latest version is (find out at https://github.com/rust-lang/rustlings/releases/latest)
cargo install --force --path .
If there are installation errors, ensure that your toolchain is up to date. For the latest, run:
rustup update
Then, same as above, run rustlings to get started.
Doing exercises
The exercises are sorted by topic and can be found in the subdirectory rustlings/exercises/<topic>. For every topic there is an additional README file with some resources to get you started on the topic. We really recommend that you have a look at them before you start.
The task is simple. Most exercises contain an error that keeps them from compiling, and it's up to you to fix it! Some exercises are also run as tests, but rustlings handles them all the same. To run the exercises in the recommended order, execute:
rustlings watch
This will try to verify the completion of every exercise in a predetermined order (what we think is best for newcomers). It will also rerun automatically every time you change a file in the exercises/ directory. If you want to only run it once, you can use:
rustlings verify
This will do the same as watch, but it'll quit after running.
In case you want to go by your own order, or want to only verify a single exercise, you can run:
rustlings run myExercise1
In case you get stuck, you can run the following command to get a hint for your exercise:
rustlings hint myExercise1
Using an IDE
TL,DR: open the exercises/ folder in your editor.
There are several editors and plugins that are able to analyze Rust code for a full blown IDE (or IDE-like) experience. The official language plugin of the Rust project is rust-analyzer, but there are others, like IntelliJ Rust or rls.
These tools usually rely on the default structure of a Cargo project to perform their analyses. Conversely, Rustlings is conceived as a collection of isolated exercises. Nevertheless, we auto-generate a "fake" project manifest in exercises/Cargo.toml that should bypass this mismatch. If you open the exercises/ folder with your Rust-enabled editor, you should be able to enjoy its capabilities.
Testing yourself
After every couple of sections, there will be a quiz that'll test your knowledge on a bunch of sections at once. These quizzes are found in exercises/quizN.rs.
Continuing On
Once you've completed Rustlings, put your new knowledge to good use! Continue practicing your Rust skills by building your own projects, contributing to Rustlings, or finding other open-source projects to contribute to.
If you'd like to uninstall Rustlings, you can do so by invoking cargo and removing the rustlings directory:
cargo uninstall rustlings
rm -r rustlings/ # or on Windows: rmdir /s rustlings
Completion
Rustlings isn't done; there are a couple of sections that are very experimental and don't have proper documentation. These include:
- Errors (
exercises/errors/) - Option (
exercises/option/) - Result (
exercises/result/) - Move Semantics (could still be improved,
exercises/move_semantics/)
Additionally, we could use exercises on a couple of topics:
- Structs
- Better ownership stuff
impl- ??? probably more
If you are interested in improving or adding new ones, please feel free to contribute! Read on for more information :)
Contributing
See CONTRIBUTING.md.
Contributors ✨
Thanks goes to these wonderful people (emoji key):
This project follows the all-contributors specification. Contributions of any kind welcome!